NeutrinoCenter.org | Neutrino - Computing Softs

Neutrino Research Software: Categorized List

Neutrino research uses a mixture of neutrino-specific packages, general particle-physics software, experiment frameworks, statistical tools, and high-performance computing systems. Some packages are open-source, while others are collaboration-specific or retained mainly for legacy analyses.

1. Neutrino Interaction and Event Generators

These programs simulate neutrino interactions with electrons, nucleons, nuclei, and detector materials.

1. GENIE — general-purpose neutrino interaction event generator

2. NEUT — interaction generator extensively used in water-Cherenkov experiments

3. NuWro — neutrino–nucleus interaction generator developed at Wrocław

4. GiBUU — transport-theory framework for neutrino–nucleus and hadron–nucleus reactions

5. ACHILLES — modern lepton–nucleus event-generation framework

6. MARLEY — low-energy neutrino–nucleus event generator, especially for supernova neutrinos

7. ANIS — high-energy neutrino event generator

8. NEGN — neutrino event-generation software

9. NUANCE — legacy neutrino interaction generator

10. NUNDIS/NUNRES — FLUKA routines for deep-inelastic and resonance neutrino interactions

11. NUISANCE — comparison, validation, reweighting, and tuning of neutrino generators

12. NuHepMC — standardized event-record format for neutrino event generators

The Particle Data Group identifies GENIE, GiBUU, MARLEY, NEUT, NuWro, ACHILLES, ANIS and several legacy packages as established neutrino generators, with NUISANCE supporting cross-generator comparisons.

2. Neutrino Oscillation and Propagation Software

1. GLoBES — simulation and sensitivity analysis for short- and long-baseline oscillation experiments

2. nuSQuIDS — neutrino oscillation, attenuation, regeneration and propagation through matter

3. SQuIDS — quantum integro-differential equation solver underlying nuSQuIDS

4. Prob3++ — three-flavour neutrino oscillation probability calculations

5. OscProb — ROOT-integrated oscillation probability framework

6. nuCraft — atmospheric-neutrino oscillation calculations through Earth

7. nuFATE — high-energy neutrino propagation and attenuation

8. NuFIT — global-fit oscillation-parameter results used as simulation inputs; primarily a data resource rather than a detector simulator

9. PREM-based propagation codes — custom packages using the Preliminary Reference Earth Model

10. Solar-neutrino MSW propagation codes — numerical evolution through solar and terrestrial density profiles

GLoBES is intended for experimental sensitivity calculations, whereas nuSQuIDS handles more general neutrino evolution and transport. Prob3++ and OscProb focus mainly on oscillation probabilities. (arXiv)

3. Cross-Section, Reweighting and Event-Rate Tools

1. NUISANCE — generator comparison, tuning and systematic studies

2. GENIE Reweight — variation of interaction-model parameters

3. NuWro Reweighting — interaction-model uncertainty studies

4. NEUT Reweighting Tools — systematic variations used by associated experiments

5. SNOwGLoBES — event-rate calculation for supernova-neutrino detectors

6. GLoBES — oscillated event spectra and experimental sensitivities

7. Professor/Rivet-style tuning workflows — generator validation and tuning

8. Professor2 — multidimensional Monte Carlo parameter tuning

9. Professor-Nu workflows — neutrino-generator tuning applications

10. NuHepMC — common event information and generator interoperability

4. General Detector and Particle-Transport Simulation

1. Geant4 — particle transport, detector geometry, physics interactions and detector response

2. FLUKA — hadronic cascades, radiation transport and beamline simulations

3. PHITS — particle and heavy-ion transport

4. MCNP/MCNPX — neutron, photon and particle transport

5. Garfield++ — gaseous-detector and charge-transport simulation

6. Magboltz — electron transport properties in gas mixtures

7. NEST — noble-element scintillation and ionization response

8. Opticks — GPU-accelerated optical-photon simulation

9. Chroma — GPU optical-photon transport

10. VecGeom — high-performance detector geometry calculations

Geant4 is the principal general-purpose toolkit for modelling detector geometry, particle interactions, tracking, optical photons and detector hits. (Geant4)

5. Liquid-Argon TPC Software

1. LArSoft — common simulation, reconstruction and analysis framework for LArTPC experiments

2. art — Fermilab event-processing framework underlying many LArSoft applications

3. Wire-Cell Toolkit — signal processing, simulation, three-dimensional imaging and reconstruction

4. Pandora SDK — pattern-recognition framework

5. LArPandora — Pandora algorithms adapted to liquid-argon detectors

6. edep-sim — Geant4-based energy-deposition simulation

7. larnd-sim — detector-response simulation for pixelated liquid-argon near detectors

8. larcv — image-oriented data representation for LArTPC machine learning

9. larlite — lightweight LArTPC analysis framework

10. larreco — LArSoft reconstruction algorithms

11. larsim — LArSoft detector-simulation components

12. larana — analysis algorithms for LArTPC data

LArSoft provides shared detector-independent simulation and reconstruction capabilities, while Wire-Cell and Pandora supply complementary signal-processing and pattern-recognition methods. (LArSoft)

6. Water-Cherenkov and Scintillator Detector Software

1. WCSim — Geant4-based simulation of large water-Cherenkov detectors

2. RAT-PAC — simulation and analysis toolkit for water and liquid-scintillator detectors

3. SNiPER — offline software framework used by large neutrino experiments such as JUNO

4. Opticks — GPU optical-photon propagation

5. Chroma — GPU-based Cherenkov and scintillation photon simulation

6. BONSAI — low-energy vertex and direction reconstruction

7. fiTQun — likelihood-based event reconstruction for water-Cherenkov detectors

8. WCSimRoot — ROOT event output and analysis tools associated with WCSim

9. GLG4Sim — Geant4-based liquid-scintillator detector simulation

10. RATDB — detector configuration and calibration database used within RAT-PAC

WCSim is designed specifically for large water-Cherenkov detector development and is built on Geant4 and ROOT. (WCSIM)

7. High-Energy Neutrino Telescope Software

Ice and water telescopes

1. IceTray — IceCube simulation, calibration, reconstruction and analysis framework

2. LeptonInjector — injection of high-energy neutrino interactions

3. PROPOSAL — propagation of muons, taus and other charged particles

4. PPC — photon-propagation code for glacial ice

5. CLSim — GPU photon propagation for IceCube

6. photospline — multidimensional spline tables for detector response

7. Millipede — energy-loss reconstruction along particle tracks

8. SplineMPE — likelihood-based muon-track reconstruction

9. SkyLLH — likelihood analysis for neutrino point-source searches

10. csky — Python framework for high-energy neutrino sky analyses

11. GraphNeT — deep-learning reconstruction for neutrino telescopes

12. Prometheus — open-source simulation framework for ice- and water-based neutrino telescopes

KM3NeT-related software

13. gSeaGen — GENIE-based generation of neutrino telescope events

14. KM3Pipe — Python pipeline framework for KM3NeT data

15. km3io — Python interface for KM3NeT data formats

16. JPP — KM3NeT reconstruction and processing package

17. SeaTray — marine-neutrino telescope processing concepts and tools

18. KM3NeT Event Services — calibration, simulation and reconstruction services

IceTray manages modular IceCube processing, while GraphNeT provides detector-agnostic deep-learning tools for telescope reconstruction. Prometheus is aimed at open simulation of multiple telescope configurations. (IceCube Events Management (Indico))

8. Radio-Neutrino and Extensive-Air-Shower Software

Particularly relevant to Earth-skimming tau-neutrino and Askaryan-radio projects.

1. NuRadioMC — Monte Carlo simulation of radio neutrino detectors

2. NuRadioReco — reconstruction and detector-response framework for radio arrays

3. AraSim — simulation package for the Askaryan Radio Array

4. ShelfMC — fast Monte Carlo for Antarctic radio-neutrino detectors

5. icemc — simulation framework used in balloon-borne radio-neutrino studies

6. ZHAireS — radio emission from air showers using AIRES and the ZHS algorithm

7. CoREAS — radio-emission extension of CORSIKA

8. CORSIKA — extensive-air-shower simulation

9. CORSIKA 8 — modular next-generation air-shower framework

10. AIRES — extensive-air-shower simulation

11. RadioPropa — propagation of radio signals through complex media

12. CRPropa 3 — cosmic-ray and secondary-particle propagation

13. SELFAS — radio emission from extensive air showers

14. ZHS — Askaryan radio-emission calculation

15. TAUOLA — tau-lepton decay simulation

16. DANTON — Monte Carlo simulation of tau-neutrino propagation and tau emergence

17. MUM/PUMAS — charged-lepton propagation through matter

18. TURTLE — terrain and particle-transport utilities used in Earth-skimming studies

NuRadioMC and NuRadioReco respectively address Monte Carlo generation and reconstruction/detector simulation for radio detection of high-energy neutrinos and cosmic rays. (GitHub)

9. Supernova-Neutrino Software

1. SNEWPY — supernova model spectra, flavour transformations and detector interfaces

2. SNOwGLoBES — predicted supernova-neutrino event rates in multiple detectors

3. MARLEY — low-energy neutrino–nucleus interactions

4. sntools — supernova-neutrino event generation

5. ASTERIA — supernova-neutrino detector response and sensitivity studies

6. SNEWS 2.0 software — multi-detector supernova-neutrino alert infrastructure

7. Garching-model readers — interfaces to numerical supernova flux models

8. Nakazato-model readers — tools for tabulated supernova-neutrino spectra

9. pinched-spectrum generators — parameterized supernova flux generation

10. Collective-oscillation solvers — neutrino flavour evolution in dense environments

SNEWPY provides a common interface to supernova simulations, flavour transformations and SNOwGLoBES event-rate calculations. (arXiv)

10. Accelerator Beam and Neutrino-Flux Simulation

1. G4LBNF — LBNF/DUNE beamline simulation

2. g4numi — NuMI beamline simulation

3. PPFX — hadron-production and neutrino-flux reweighting

4. dk2nu — neutrino parent-decay data format and tools

5. FLUGG — FLUKA particle transport combined with Geant4 geometry

6. Geant4 beamline applications — target, horn and decay-pipe simulation

7. FLUKA beam simulations — hadron production and transport

8. MARS15 — accelerator, target and shielding simulation

9. G4Beamline — Geant4-based beamline design and tracking

10. BMPT parameterizations — secondary-hadron production modelling

11. Data Analysis and Visualization

1. ROOT — data storage, histogramming, fitting, statistics and visualization

2. PyROOT — Python interface to ROOT

3. RooFit — probability-density modelling and likelihood fits

4. RooStats — hypothesis testing and confidence intervals

5. uproot — reading and writing ROOT files in Python

6. Awkward Array — analysis of variable-length event data

7. boost-histogram — high-performance multidimensional histograms

8. Hist — Pythonic histogramming

9. NumPy — numerical arrays and linear algebra

10. SciPy — optimization, integration and statistical functions

11. pandas — tabular data processing

12. Matplotlib — scientific plotting

13. iminuit — Python interface to MINUIT minimization

14. HDF5/h5py — hierarchical scientific data storage

15. JupyterLab — interactive analysis notebooks

16. ParaView — three-dimensional scientific visualization

17. VTK — scientific visualization toolkit

ROOT is the principal high-energy-physics framework for scientific data storage, processing, statistical analysis and visualization. (ROOT)

12. Statistical Inference and Parameter Estimation

1. MINUIT/Minuit2

2. iminuit

3. BAT — Bayesian Analysis Toolkit

4. Stan

5. PyMC

6. emcee

7. dynesty

8. MultiNest

9. PyMultiNest

10. UltraNest

11. TensorFlow Probability

12. HistFactory

13. RooStats

14. HEPData likelihood tools

15. Professor2

Typical applications include oscillation-parameter fitting, source-spectrum inference, cross-section tuning, systematic marginalization and upper-limit calculations.

13. Machine-Learning Software

1. GraphNeT — neutrino-telescope reconstruction

2. PyTorch

3. TensorFlow/Keras

4. scikit-learn

5. PyTorch Geometric

6. Deep Graph Library—DGL

7. MinkowskiEngine — sparse convolutional neural networks

8. SparseConvNet

9. ONNX Runtime

10. XGBoost

11. LightGBM

12. TMVA — ROOT machine-learning toolkit

13. MLflow — experiment tracking

14. Optuna — hyperparameter optimization

15. Weights & Biases — model and training tracking

GraphNeT is especially oriented toward event reconstruction and classification in neutrino telescopes. (Graphnet Team)

14. Astronomy, Sky Maps and Multimessenger Analysis

1. HEALPix — spherical sky pixelization

2. healpy — Python HEALPix interface

3. Astropy — astronomical coordinates, time and data processing

4. Skyfield — celestial-coordinate and ephemeris calculations

5. ligo.skymap — probability sky maps and multimessenger localization

6. Gammapy — gamma-ray and multimessenger analysis

7. SkyLLH — neutrino source likelihood analysis

8. csky — neutrino sky and point-source analysis

9. Astroquery — access to astronomical catalogues

10. Aladin — interactive sky atlas

11. TOPCAT — catalogue and tabular astronomy analysis

12. AMON software — multimessenger event coincidence and alerts

15. Computing, Workflow and Reproducibility Tools

1. Git/GitHub/GitLab — source-code management

2. CMake — C/C++ build configuration

3. Conda/Mamba — environment and package management

4. Spack — scientific-software package management

5. Docker — containerized software environments

6. Apptainer/Singularity — containers for scientific clusters

7. CVMFS — distributed experimental software deployment

8. HTCondor — distributed batch computing

9. Slurm — cluster workload management

10. Snakemake — reproducible analysis workflows

11. Nextflow — scalable workflow management

12. Rucio — distributed scientific-data management

13. CERN REANA — reproducible cloud-based analyses

14. Dask — parallel Python processing

15. MPI/OpenMP — parallel computing

16. CUDA — GPU acceleration

Recommended Core Software Stack

For a new neutrino-physics research programme, a practical foundation would be:

• Analysis: Python, ROOT, uproot, NumPy, SciPy and iminuit

• Interactions: GENIE and NUISANCE

• Oscillations: GLoBES, nuSQuIDS and OscProb

• Detector simulation: Geant4

• LArTPC research: LArSoft, Wire-Cell and LArPandora

• Water-Cherenkov research: WCSim or RAT-PAC

• Neutrino telescopes: IceTray, PROPOSAL, GraphNeT and Prometheus

• Radio/tau-neutrino research: NuRadioMC, NuRadioReco, CORSIKA 8, ZHAireS and DANTON

• Supernova neutrinos: SNEWPY, SNOwGLoBES and MARLEY

• Reproducibility: Git, Conda, Docker or Apptainer, and Snakemake