NeutrinoCenter.org |  Neutrino: Keywords Terms

Neutrino Physics Keyword Terms

The following keywords can be used for learning materials, research databases, literature searches, website indexing, experiment classification, and project development.

1. Fundamental Neutrino Terms

• Neutrino

• Antineutrino

• Electron neutrino ((\nu_e))

• Muon neutrino ((\nu_\mu))

• Tau neutrino ((\nu_\tau))

• Electron antineutrino ((\bar{\nu}_e))

• Muon antineutrino ((\bar{\nu}_\mu))

• Tau antineutrino ((\bar{\nu}_\tau))

• Neutrino flavor

• Flavor eigenstate

• Mass eigenstate

• Neutrino helicity

• Neutrino chirality

• Left-handed neutrino

• Right-handed neutrino

• Active neutrino

• Sterile neutrino

• Dirac neutrino

• Majorana neutrino

• Relic neutrino

• Cosmic neutrino

• High-energy neutrino

• Ultra-high-energy neutrino

2. Neutrino Properties

• Neutrino mass

• Absolute neutrino mass

• Effective neutrino mass

• Neutrino mass hierarchy

• Neutrino mass ordering

• Normal mass ordering

• Inverted mass ordering

• Quasi-degenerate masses

• Neutrino lifetime

• Neutrino decay

• Neutrino magnetic moment

• Neutrino electric charge

• Neutrino millicharge

• Neutrino charge radius

• Neutrino dipole moment

• Neutrino spin

• Neutrino velocity

• Neutrino time of flight

• Neutrino refractive index

• Neutrino electromagnetic properties

• Neutrino gravitational properties

• Neutrino self-interaction

• Neutrino non-standard properties

3. Neutrino Oscillation Terms

• Neutrino oscillation

• Flavor oscillation

• Vacuum oscillation

• Matter oscillation

• Two-flavor oscillation

• Three-flavor oscillation

• Oscillation probability

• Oscillation phase

• Oscillation length

• Oscillation maximum

• Oscillation minimum

• Neutrino appearance

• Neutrino disappearance

• Flavor transition

• Flavor conversion

• Neutrino mixing

• Mixing angle

• Mass-squared difference

• Solar mass splitting

• Atmospheric mass splitting

• Baseline

• Neutrino energy spectrum

• Oscillation parameter

• Global oscillation fit

4. Mixing Matrix and CP-Violation Terms

• Pontecorvo–Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata matrix

• PMNS matrix

• Leptonic mixing matrix

• PMNS parameterization

• (\theta_{12})

• (\theta_{13})

• (\theta_{23})

• Solar mixing angle

• Reactor mixing angle

• Atmospheric mixing angle

• CP phase

• Dirac CP phase

• Majorana phase

• CP violation

• Leptonic CP violation

• CP asymmetry

• CP conservation

• Jarlskog invariant

• Unitarity

• PMNS unitarity

• Unitarity triangle

• Unitarity violation

• Octant degeneracy

• (\theta_{23}) octant

• Parameter degeneracy

5. Matter Effects and Flavor Transformation

• MSW effect

• Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein effect

• Matter potential

• Matter-enhanced oscillation

• Resonant flavor conversion

• MSW resonance

• Solar resonance

• Earth matter effect

• Regeneration effect

• Parametric resonance

• Adiabatic conversion

• Nonadiabatic conversion

• Level crossing

• Flavor evolution

• Neutrino refraction

• Coherent forward scattering

• Neutrino background potential

• Collective neutrino oscillation

• Neutrino–neutrino interaction

• Spectral split

• Spectral swap

• Fast flavor conversion

• Flavor instability

• Neutrino quantum kinetics

6. Neutrino Interaction Terms

• Weak interaction

• Charged-current interaction

• Neutral-current interaction

• Weak charged current

• Weak neutral current

• Neutrino scattering

• Neutrino absorption

• Neutrino cross section

• Differential cross section

• Inclusive cross section

• Exclusive cross section

• Coherent scattering

• Incoherent scattering

• Elastic scattering

• Inelastic scattering

• Deep-inelastic scattering

• Quasi-elastic scattering

• Resonant pion production

• Coherent pion production

• Neutrino–electron scattering

• Neutrino–nucleon scattering

• Neutrino–nucleus scattering

• Neutrino–proton scattering

• Neutrino–neutron interaction

• Neutrino–photon interaction

• Neutrino opacity

• Neutrino mean free path

7. Important Neutrino Reactions

• Inverse beta decay

• Beta decay

• Double beta decay

• Neutrinoless double beta decay

• Two-neutrino double beta decay

• Electron capture

• Positron capture

• Muon decay

• Pion decay

• Kaon decay

• Tau decay

• Nuclear beta transition

• Neutrino capture

• Radiochemical neutrino capture

• Coherent elastic neutrino–nucleus scattering

• CEvNS

• Glashow resonance

• Neutrino trident production

• Neutrino-induced muon production

• Neutrino-induced tau production

• Neutral-current excitation

• Charged-current excitation

• Hadronic shower production

• Leptonic shower production

8. Neutrino Production and Beam Terms

• Neutrino source

• Neutrino production

• Neutrino beam

• Conventional neutrino beam

• Superbeam

• Neutrino factory

• Beta beam

• Muon-decay beam

• Pion-decay beam

• Kaon-decay beam

• Accelerator neutrino

• Reactor neutrino

• Reactor antineutrino

• Decay-at-rest neutrino

• Decay-in-flight neutrino

• Off-axis neutrino beam

• On-axis neutrino beam

• Beamline

• Proton target

• Focusing horn

• Decay tunnel

• Beam dump

• Near detector

• Far detector

• Beam flux

• Flux normalization

• Wrong-sign contamination

9. Natural Neutrino Sources

• Solar neutrino

• Atmospheric neutrino

• Geoneutrino

• Supernova neutrino

• Diffuse supernova neutrino background

• DSNB

• Cosmic neutrino background

• Cosmogenic neutrino

• Astrophysical neutrino

• Galactic neutrino

• Extragalactic neutrino

• Big Bang neutrino

• Primordial neutrino

• Terrestrial neutrino

• Radiogenic neutrino

• Solar atmospheric neutrino

• Lunar neutrino

• Magnetospheric neutrino

• Lightning-produced neutrino

• Human-made neutrino

• Reactor antineutrino

• Accelerator neutrino

10. Solar-Neutrino Keywords

• Proton–proton neutrino

• PP neutrino

• Pep neutrino

• Hep neutrino

• Beryllium-7 neutrino

• Boron-8 neutrino

• CNO neutrino

• Carbon-13 neutrino

• Nitrogen-15 neutrino

• Oxygen-17 neutrino

• Solar neutrino problem

• Solar neutrino deficit

• Solar neutrino flux

• Standard Solar Model

• Solar core

• Solar fusion

• Day–night asymmetry

• Solar matter effect

• Solar metallicity problem

• Luminosity constraint

• Solar neutrino spectroscopy

11. Atmospheric-Neutrino Keywords

• Atmospheric neutrino flux

• Cosmic-ray air shower

• Meson decay

• Pion decay chain

• Kaon decay chain

• Conventional atmospheric neutrino

• Prompt atmospheric neutrino

• Charm-produced neutrino

• Zenith-angle distribution

• Upward-going neutrino

• Downward-going neutrino

• Horizontal neutrino

• Upgoing muon

• Through-going muon

• Stopping muon

• Atmospheric oscillation

• Earth-diameter baseline

• Neutrino path through Earth

• Atmospheric neutrino anomaly

• Muon-neutrino disappearance

• Tau-neutrino appearance

12. Supernova-Neutrino Keywords

• Core-collapse supernova

• Supernova neutrino burst

• Neutronization burst

• Accretion phase

• Cooling phase

• Proto-neutron star

• Neutrino sphere

• Neutrino trapping

• Neutrino diffusion

• Thermal neutrino

• Electron-capture neutrino

• Supernova flavor conversion

• Collective flavor oscillation

• Fast flavor instability

• Shock-wave effect

• Turbulence effect

• Earth matter effect

• Black-hole-forming supernova

• Failed supernova

• Pre-supernova neutrino

• Supernova early warning

• SNEWS

• Supernova relic neutrino

13. High-Energy Neutrino Astronomy

• Neutrino astronomy

• Neutrino astrophysics

• High-energy neutrino astronomy

• Multi-messenger astronomy

• Astroparticle physics

• Cosmic accelerator

• Hadronic acceleration

• Cosmic-ray source

• Neutrino point source

• Diffuse neutrino flux

• Transient neutrino source

• Steady neutrino source

• Neutrino flare

• Neutrino alert

• Source association

• Source localization

• Angular resolution

• Energy reconstruction

• Direction reconstruction

• Neutrino sky map

• All-sky neutrino survey

• Neutrino horizon

• Neutrino tomography

• Neutrino multimessenger coincidence

14. Candidate Astrophysical Sources

• Active galactic nucleus

• AGN

• Blazar

• Quasar

• Radio galaxy

• Seyfert galaxy

• Starburst galaxy

• Gamma-ray burst

• GRB

• Tidal disruption event

• TDE

• Supernova remnant

• Pulsar

• Pulsar wind nebula

• Magnetar

• Microquasar

• X-ray binary

• Binary neutron-star merger

• Black-hole merger

• Galactic Center

• Galactic plane

• Fermi bubbles

• Accretion disk

• Relativistic jet

• Cosmic web

• Galaxy cluster

15. Ultra-High-Energy and Earth-Skimming Neutrinos

• Ultra-high-energy neutrino

• Extremely high-energy neutrino

• EeV neutrino

• PeV neutrino

• Cosmogenic neutrino

• GZK neutrino

• Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin process

• Photohadronic interaction

• Photo-pion production

• Earth-skimming neutrino

• Earth-emergent neutrino

• Tau neutrino

• Tau lepton

• Tau emergence

• Tau regeneration

• Tau decay

• Upward-going air shower

• Upward extensive air shower

• Mountain-skimming neutrino

• Mountain-conversion technique

• Neutrino absorption in Earth

• Earth opacity

• Neutrino transmission probability

• Emergence angle

• Exit probability

• Tau air shower

• Radio air-shower detection

16. Neutrino Detector Terms

• Neutrino detector

• Neutrino telescope

• Neutrino observatory

• Near detector

• Far detector

• Water Cherenkov detector

• Ice Cherenkov detector

• Liquid-scintillator detector

• Plastic-scintillator detector

• Liquid-argon time-projection chamber

• LArTPC

• Time-projection chamber

• TPC

• Tracking calorimeter

• Sampling calorimeter

• Emulsion detector

• Radiochemical detector

• Bubble chamber

• Cloud chamber

• Heavy-water detector

• Lead-based detector

• Gallium detector

• Chlorine detector

• Coherent-scattering detector

• Cryogenic detector

• Radio neutrino detector

• Acoustic neutrino detector

• Air-shower detector

17. Detector Components and Instrumentation

• Photomultiplier tube

• PMT

• Silicon photomultiplier

• SiPM

• Digital optical module

• DOM

• Optical module

• Multi-PMT module

• Wavelength-shifting plate

• Cherenkov light

• Scintillation light

• Transition radiation

• Askaryan radiation

• Radio-frequency emission

• Acoustic pulse

• Detector string

• Detector array

• Sensor station

• Trigger system

• Data-acquisition system

• DAQ

• Front-end electronics

• Timing calibration

• Charge calibration

• Detector calibration

• Gain calibration

• Optical calibration

• Detector geometry

• Effective area

• Effective volume

• Fiducial volume

• Detector livetime

• Duty cycle

18. Neutrino Event Topologies

• Track event

• Cascade event

• Shower event

• Starting event

• Contained event

• Partially contained event

• Through-going event

• Upgoing event

• Downgoing event

• Muon track

• Electron cascade

• Tau cascade

• Double-bang event

• Double-pulse event

• Lollipop event

• Inverted-lollipop event

• Glashow-resonance event

• Hadronic cascade

• Electromagnetic cascade

• Neutral-current event

• Charged-current event

• Neutrino candidate

• Event topology

• Event classification

• Flavor identification

• Particle identification

19. Detection and Reconstruction Terms

• Event reconstruction

• Vertex reconstruction

• Direction reconstruction

• Energy reconstruction

• Track reconstruction

• Shower reconstruction

• Vertex resolution

• Energy resolution

• Angular resolution

• Timing resolution

• Spatial resolution

• Flavor tagging

• Tau identification

• Muon identification

• Electron identification

• Ring imaging

• Cherenkov-ring reconstruction

• Photon arrival time

• Light propagation

• Optical scattering

• Optical absorption

• Detector response

• Response matrix

• Migration matrix

• Reconstruction efficiency

• Selection efficiency

• Event containment

20. Background and Noise Terms

• Atmospheric-muon background

• Atmospheric-neutrino background

• Cosmic-ray background

• Radioactive background

• Reactor background

• Solar-neutrino background

• Accidental coincidence

• Detector noise

• Dark noise

• Electronic noise

• Thermal noise

• Optical noise

• Bioluminescence

• Potassium-40 background

• Radon background

• Cosmogenic background

• Spallation background

• Muon-induced neutron

• Misreconstructed muon

• Background rejection

• Background suppression

• Signal-to-background ratio

• Veto detector

• Active veto

• Passive shielding

• Blind analysis

21. Neutrino Mass Measurement

• Direct neutrino-mass measurement

• Beta-decay endpoint

• Tritium beta decay

• Electron-energy spectrum

• Endpoint spectroscopy

• Effective electron-neutrino mass

• Kinematic neutrino mass

• Cyclotron-radiation emission spectroscopy

• Calorimetric mass measurement

• Holmium-163 electron capture

• Rhenium-187 beta decay

• Neutrino mass sensitivity

• Kurie plot

• Spectral distortion

• Final-state distribution

• Molecular final-state effect

• Absolute mass scale

• Cosmological mass bound

• Sum of neutrino masses

• (\Sigma m_\nu)

22. Majorana Neutrino and Double-Beta Decay

• Majorana fermion

• Dirac fermion

• Neutrinoless double beta decay

• (0\nu\beta\beta)

• Two-neutrino double beta decay

• (2\nu\beta\beta)

• Effective Majorana mass

• Majorana phase

• Lepton-number violation

• Nuclear matrix element

• Phase-space factor

• Double-beta-decay isotope

• Germanium-76

• Xenon-136

• Tellurium-130

• Molybdenum-100

• Neodymium-150

• Selenium-82

• Calcium-48

• Background-free search

• Region of interest

• Energy peak

• Half-life sensitivity

23. Sterile Neutrino Keywords

• Sterile neutrino

• Light sterile neutrino

• Heavy sterile neutrino

• Right-handed neutrino

• Short-baseline anomaly

• Reactor antineutrino anomaly

• Gallium anomaly

• LSND anomaly

• MiniBooNE anomaly

• Electron-neutrino appearance

• Electron-neutrino disappearance

• Sterile-neutrino mixing

• (3+1) neutrino model

• (3+2) neutrino model

• Active–sterile oscillation

• Heavy neutral lepton

• HNL

• Neutral lepton portal

• KeV sterile neutrino

• Sterile-neutrino dark matter

• X-ray decay line

• Dodelson–Widrow mechanism

• Resonant sterile-neutrino production

24. Beyond-the-Standard-Model Keywords

• Beyond the Standard Model

• BSM neutrino physics

• Non-standard interaction

• NSI

• Non-unitary mixing

• Lorentz violation

• CPT violation

• Equivalence-principle violation

• Neutrino decoherence

• Quantum-gravity effect

• Neutrino decay

• Invisible neutrino decay

• Visible neutrino decay

• Secret neutrino interaction

• Neutrino portal

• Lepton portal

• Dark-sector neutrino

• Neutrino–dark-matter interaction

• Neutrino self-interaction

• Light mediator

• Dark photon

• Majoron

• Axion-like particle

• Scalar interaction

• Vector interaction

• Tensor interaction

25. Neutrino-Mass Models

• Seesaw mechanism

• Type-I seesaw

• Type-II seesaw

• Type-III seesaw

• Inverse seesaw

• Linear seesaw

• Low-scale seesaw

• Radiative neutrino mass

• Weinberg operator

• Dimension-five operator

• Neutrino Yukawa coupling

• Heavy Majorana neutrino

• Right-handed neutrino mass

• Leptogenesis

• Thermal leptogenesis

• Resonant leptogenesis

• Flavored leptogenesis

• Baryon asymmetry

• Lepton asymmetry

• Lepton-number violation

• Flavor symmetry

• Neutrino texture

• Mass matrix

• Texture zero

• Anarchy model

26. Neutrino Cosmology Terms

• Neutrino cosmology

• Cosmic neutrino background

• Relic neutrino

• Neutrino decoupling

• Effective number of neutrino species

• (N_{\rm eff})

• Radiation density

• Free-streaming neutrino

• Neutrino free-streaming scale

• Hot dark matter

• Neutrino mass sum

• Cosmological neutrino-mass constraint

• Big Bang nucleosynthesis

• BBN

• Cosmic microwave background

• CMB

• Matter power spectrum

• Large-scale structure

• Structure formation

• Neutrino clustering

• Cosmological perturbation

• Neutrino isocurvature

• Lepton asymmetry

• Primordial neutrino

• Cosmic-neutrino capture

• PTOLEMY concept

27. Geoneutrino Terms

• Geoneutrino

• Geo-antineutrino

• Radiogenic heat

• Earth heat budget

• Uranium decay chain

• Thorium decay chain

• Potassium-40 decay

• Mantle neutrino

• Crustal neutrino

• Lithospheric neutrino

• Core neutrino

• Georeactor hypothesis

• Reactor-background subtraction

• Mantle flux

• Crustal flux

• Geochemical Earth model

• Bulk Silicate Earth

• Earth composition

• Terrestrial heat flow

• Neutrino geophysics

• Neutrino geotomography

• Oceanic geoneutrino detector

• Continental geoneutrino detector

28. Reactor-Neutrino Terms

• Reactor neutrino

• Reactor antineutrino

• Nuclear fission

• Fission isotope

• Uranium-235

• Uranium-238

• Plutonium-239

• Plutonium-241

• Fission fraction

• Reactor neutrino spectrum

• Reactor flux

• Reactor power monitoring

• Fuel evolution

• Burnup

• Reactor-off data

• Inverse beta decay

• Prompt energy

• Delayed neutron capture

• Gadolinium capture

• Hydrogen capture

• Reactor spectrum anomaly

• Five-MeV bump

• Reactor antineutrino anomaly

• Neutrino safeguards

• Remote reactor monitoring

29. Neutrino Tomography and Applied Neutrino Physics

• Neutrino tomography

• Earth tomography

• Neutrino absorption tomography

• Neutrino radiography

• Reactor monitoring

• Nuclear safeguards

• Non-proliferation

• Reactor-power measurement

• Fuel-composition monitoring

• Spent-fuel monitoring

• Geophysical imaging

• Earth-density profile

• Core–mantle boundary

• Mantle composition

• Neutrino communication

• Neutrino beam communication

• Submarine communication

• Neutrino navigation

• Neutrino imaging

• Muon–neutrino comparison

• Applied neutrino technology

30. Experimental-Analysis Terms

• Neutrino flux

• Flux measurement

• Flux uncertainty

• Cross-section measurement

• Exposure

• Protons on target

• POT

• Integrated luminosity

• Event rate

• Expected events

• Observed events

• Signal efficiency

• Selection cut

• Cut flow

• Control sample

• Sideband

• Likelihood analysis

• Maximum likelihood

• Chi-square analysis

• Bayesian inference

• Frequentist analysis

• Confidence interval

• Credible interval

• Upper limit

• Discovery significance

• Statistical significance

• Systematic uncertainty

• Statistical uncertainty

• Nuisance parameter

• Covariance matrix

• Sensitivity study

31. Computational and Simulation Terms

• Neutrino simulation

• Monte Carlo simulation

• Event generator

• Neutrino event generator

• Detector simulation

• Particle transport

• Air-shower simulation

• Hadronic-interaction model

• Nuclear model

• Flux simulation

• Oscillation simulation

• Propagation simulation

• Tau propagation

• Neutrino transport equation

• Boltzmann equation

• Quantum kinetic equation

• Density-matrix formalism

• Finite-element method

• Markov chain Monte Carlo

• MCMC

• Machine learning

• Deep learning

• Neural network

• Graph neural network

• Boosted decision tree

• Bayesian neural network

• Unfolding

• Parameter estimation

32. Common Neutrino Software Keywords

• GENIE

• GiBUU

• NuWro

• NEUT

• FLUKA

• GEANT4

• CORSIKA

• CORSIKA 8

• PROPOSAL

• TAUOLA

• PYTHIA

• HERWIG

• MadGraph

• ROOT

• RooFit

• RooStats

• GLoBES

• NuSQuIDS

• SQuIDS

• Prob3++

• WCSim

• LArSoft

• RAT-PAC

• IceTray

• KM3NeT software

• MARLEY

• SNOwGLoBES

33. Major Neutrino Experiments and Observatories

• Super-Kamiokande

• Hyper-Kamiokande

• IceCube

• IceCube-Gen2

• DeepCore

• KM3NeT

• ORCA

• ARCA

• ANTARES

• Baikal-GVD

• DUNE

• ProtoDUNE

• T2K

• T2HK

• NOvA

• MINOS

• MINOS+

• OPERA

• K2K

• MicroBooNE

• SBND

• ICARUS

• JUNO

• KamLAND

• KamLAND-Zen

• SNO

• SNO+

• Borexino

• Daya Bay

• RENO

• Double Chooz

• KATRIN

• Project 8

• LEGEND

• nEXO

• CUORE

• CUPID

34. Radio and Air-Shower Neutrino Detection

• Askaryan effect

• Askaryan radiation

• Coherent radio emission

• Radio-frequency neutrino detection

• In-ice radio detector

• Balloon-borne detector

• Lunar Askaryan technique

• Mountain-based detector

• Earth-skimming technique

• Tau-air-shower detection

• Radio air shower

• Geomagnetic emission

• Charge-excess emission

• Radio antenna array

• Trigger threshold

• Impulsive radio event

• Radio-frequency background

• Ionospheric propagation

• Surface reflection

• Ice attenuation length

• ANITA

• ARA

• ARIANNA

• RNO-G

• GRAND

• BEACON

• PUEO

• Trinity

• TAMBO

35. Key Historical and Conceptual Terms

• Pauli neutrino hypothesis

• Fermi theory of beta decay

• Neutrino discovery

• Cowan–Reines experiment

• Two-neutrino hypothesis

• Muon-neutrino discovery

• Tau-neutrino discovery

• Solar neutrino problem

• Atmospheric neutrino anomaly

• Neutrino oscillation discovery

• Pontecorvo oscillation

• Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata mixing

• Weak neutral current

• Standard Model neutrino

• Nobel Prize in neutrino physics

• Lepton flavor

• Lepton number

• Lepton universality

• Weak isospin

• Electroweak interaction

• Flavor puzzle

36. Useful Search Phrases for Research

• Neutrino oscillation phenomenology

• Precision neutrino physics

• Long-baseline neutrino experiment

• Short-baseline neutrino experiment

• Neutrino mass-ordering determination

• Leptonic CP-violation measurement

• Tau-neutrino detection

• Sterile-neutrino search

• Neutrino cross-section uncertainty

• Nuclear effects in neutrino interactions

• High-energy astrophysical neutrino

• Ultra-high-energy cosmic neutrino

• Earth-skimming tau-neutrino detection

• Supernova-neutrino early warning

• Diffuse supernova-neutrino background

• Cosmic-neutrino-background detection

• Neutrinoless-double-beta-decay search

• Direct neutrino-mass measurement

• Neutrino-based Earth tomography

• Reactor-antineutrino monitoring

• Multi-messenger neutrino astronomy

• Machine learning for neutrino detection

• Next-generation neutrino observatory

• Neutrino detector calibration

• Global neutrino-oscillation analysis