NeutrinoCenter.org | Neutrino Astrophysics

Neutrino Astrophysics Topics

Neutrino astrophysics studies neutrinos produced in astrophysical environments and uses them to investigate cosmic objects, energetic phenomena, particle physics, and the evolution of the Universe.

1. Foundations of Neutrino Astrophysics

1. Introduction to neutrino astrophysics

2. Historical development of neutrino astrophysics

3. Neutrinos as cosmic messengers

4. Comparison of neutrino, photon, cosmic-ray, and gravitational-wave astronomy

5. Advantages of neutrinos for studying dense astrophysical objects

6. Neutrino interaction cross sections

7. Neutrino mean free paths in astrophysical matter

8. Neutrino luminosity and energy spectra

9. Neutrino flux calculations

10. Neutrino flavor composition

11. Neutrino transport in dense matter

12. Neutrino opacity of astrophysical environments

13. Thermal and nonthermal neutrino production

14. Neutrino decoupling and neutrinospheres

15. Astrophysical neutrino event-rate calculations

2. Neutrino Properties in Astrophysical Environments

16. Neutrino masses

17. Neutrino mixing

18. Neutrino oscillations in vacuum

19. Neutrino oscillations in matter

20. Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein effect

21. Collective neutrino oscillations

22. Fast flavor conversions

23. Neutrino mass ordering

24. CP violation in astrophysical neutrinos

25. Neutrino decoherence over cosmic distances

26. Neutrino wave-packet propagation

27. Dirac versus Majorana neutrinos

28. Neutrino magnetic moments

29. Neutrino spin-flavor precession

30. Neutrino interactions with cosmic magnetic fields

31. Sterile neutrinos in astrophysics

32. Nonstandard neutrino interactions

33. Neutrino decay over astrophysical distances

34. Lorentz-invariance tests with astrophysical neutrinos

35. Equivalence-principle tests using neutrinos

3. Neutrino Production Mechanisms

36. Beta-decay neutrinos

37. Electron-capture neutrinos

38. Positron-capture neutrinos

39. Pair-annihilation neutrinos

40. Photoneutrino processes

41. Plasmon-decay neutrinos

42. Bremsstrahlung neutrino production

43. Nuclear de-excitation neutrinos

44. Pion-decay neutrinos

45. Kaon-decay neutrinos

46. Muon-decay neutrinos

47. Neutron-decay neutrinos

48. Charm and heavy-meson neutrino production

49. Proton–proton neutrino production

50. Proton–photon neutrino production

51. Hadronuclear neutrino production

52. Photohadronic neutrino production

53. Cosmogenic neutrino production

54. Dark-matter-related neutrino production

4. Solar Neutrino Astrophysics

55. Proton–proton-chain neutrinos

56. Proton–proton neutrinos

57. Pep neutrinos

58. Hep neutrinos

59. Beryllium-7 neutrinos

60. Boron-8 neutrinos

61. Carbon–nitrogen–oxygen-cycle neutrinos

62. Solar neutrino spectrum

63. Solar neutrino problem

64. Solar matter effects on neutrino oscillations

65. Day–night asymmetry of solar neutrinos

66. Solar metallicity problem

67. Solar-core temperature measurements with neutrinos

68. Solar fusion-rate constraints

69. Time variation of the solar neutrino flux

70. Solar flares and high-energy neutrino searches

71. Helioseismology and solar neutrinos

72. Testing solar models using neutrino observations

5. Stellar Neutrinos

73. Neutrino production in main-sequence stars

74. Neutrinos from red giants

75. Neutrinos from asymptotic giant branch stars

76. White-dwarf neutrinos

77. Neutrino cooling of stars

78. Neutrino cooling of white dwarfs

79. Neutrinos in massive-star evolution

80. Carbon-burning neutrinos

81. Neon-burning neutrinos

82. Oxygen-burning neutrinos

83. Silicon-burning neutrinos

84. Pre-supernova neutrinos

85. Pre-supernova early-warning systems

86. Neutrino energy loss in stellar interiors

87. Neutrino effects on stellar lifetimes

88. Neutrinos and stellar nucleosynthesis

89. Neutrino constraints on exotic stellar cooling

6. Core-Collapse Supernova Neutrinos

90. Core-collapse supernova mechanisms

91. Gravitational-collapse neutrinos

92. Neutronization-burst neutrinos

93. Accretion-phase neutrino emission

94. Proto-neutron-star cooling neutrinos

95. Supernova neutrinospheres

96. Neutrino trapping during core collapse

97. Neutrino diffusion in supernova cores

98. Neutrino heating behind the stalled shock

99. Neutrino-driven supernova explosions

100. Supernova shock-wave effects on neutrino oscillations

101. Turbulence effects on supernova neutrinos

102. Collective flavor conversion in supernovae

103. Fast flavor instabilities in supernovae

104. Supernova neutrino spectra

105. Supernova neutrino light curves

106. Flavor-dependent supernova neutrino emission

107. Supernova neutrino pointing

108. Supernova early-warning networks

109. Supernova neutrino tomography

110. Neutrino signatures of failed supernovae

111. Black-hole-forming stellar collapse

112. Supernova neutrino mass-ordering sensitivity

113. Supernova neutrinos and the nuclear equation of state

114. Supernova 1987A neutrinos

115. Future Galactic supernova neutrino observations

7. Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background

116. Diffuse supernova neutrino background

117. Relic supernova neutrinos

118. Cosmic core-collapse history

119. Star-formation history from relic neutrinos

120. Contributions from failed supernovae

121. Black-hole-forming collapse contribution

122. Flavor transformation of relic supernova neutrinos

123. Background rejection in relic-neutrino searches

124. Gadolinium-enhanced water Cherenkov detection

125. Diffuse supernova neutrino background event rates

126. Constraints on cosmic stellar evolution

8. Neutron-Star Neutrino Astrophysics

127. Neutrino emission from neutron stars

128. Proto-neutron-star neutrino cooling

129. Direct Urca processes

130. Modified Urca processes

131. Neutrino bremsstrahlung in neutron-star matter

132. Cooper-pair breaking and formation neutrinos

133. Neutrino cooling curves of neutron stars

134. Standard and enhanced neutron-star cooling

135. Neutrino emission from neutron-star crusts

136. Superfluidity and neutrino emission

137. Superconductivity in neutron-star cores

138. Neutrino constraints on dense nuclear matter

139. Hyperon-induced neutrino cooling

140. Quark-matter neutrino emission

141. Magnetar neutrinos

142. Pulsar-associated neutrino emission

143. Neutrino emission during neutron-star glitches

9. Compact-Object Merger Neutrinos

144. Binary neutron-star merger neutrinos

145. Neutron-star–black-hole merger neutrinos

146. Hyper-massive neutron-star neutrino emission

147. Merger accretion-disk neutrinos

148. Neutrino transport in merger remnants

149. Neutrino-antineutrino annihilation

150. Neutrino-driven winds

151. Neutrino effects on kilonova ejecta

152. Electron-fraction evolution in merger ejecta

153. Neutrino effects on r-process nucleosynthesis

154. Flavor oscillations in merger environments

155. Fast flavor conversion in mergers

156. Merger neutrinos and short gamma-ray bursts

157. Joint neutrino and gravitational-wave observations

10. Gamma-Ray Burst Neutrinos

158. Long gamma-ray burst neutrinos

159. Short gamma-ray burst neutrinos

160. Prompt gamma-ray burst neutrino emission

161. Precursor neutrinos from gamma-ray bursts

162. Afterglow neutrinos

163. Internal-shock neutrino models

164. Photospheric neutrino models

165. Magnetic-reconnection neutrino models

166. Choked-jet neutrinos

167. Low-luminosity gamma-ray burst neutrinos

168. Cocoon neutrino emission

169. Gamma-ray burst fireball models

170. Baryon loading in gamma-ray burst jets

171. Gamma-ray burst stacking searches

172. Neutrino constraints on gamma-ray burst cosmic-ray acceleration

11. Active Galactic Nuclei and Blazar Neutrinos

173. Active galactic nucleus neutrinos

174. Blazar neutrinos

175. Flat-spectrum radio quasar neutrinos

176. BL Lacertae object neutrinos

177. Radio-galaxy neutrinos

178. Seyfert-galaxy neutrinos

179. Active galactic nucleus jet acceleration

180. Neutrino production in relativistic jets

181. Neutrino production near supermassive black holes

182. Broad-line-region interactions

183. Dusty-torus interactions

184. Accretion-disk neutrinos

185. Active galactic nucleus corona neutrinos

186. Hadronic and leptohadronic blazar models

187. TXS 0506+056 neutrino association

188. NGC 1068 neutrino emission

189. Time-dependent blazar neutrino searches

190. Multiwavelength modeling of neutrino sources

12. Tidal Disruption Event Neutrinos

191. Tidal disruption events

192. Neutrino production in tidal disruption jets

193. Neutrinos from non-jetted tidal disruption events

194. Accretion-disk neutrinos in tidal disruption events

195. Delayed neutrino emission from tidal disruption events

196. Stellar debris and photohadronic interactions

197. Tidal disruption event–neutrino associations

198. Multi-messenger observations of tidal disruption events

13. Galactic High-Energy Neutrino Sources

199. Galactic-plane neutrino emission

200. Galactic-center neutrinos

201. Supernova-remnant neutrinos

202. Pulsar-wind-nebula neutrinos

203. Pulsar neutrinos

204. Magnetar high-energy neutrinos

205. Microquasar neutrinos

206. X-ray binary neutrinos

207. Binary-system neutrinos

208. Stellar-cluster neutrinos

209. Young massive star-cluster neutrinos

210. Wolf–Rayet star neutrinos

211. Galactic PeVatrons

212. Molecular-cloud neutrinos

213. Cosmic-ray interactions with interstellar gas

214. Fermi-bubble neutrinos

215. Galactic diffuse neutrino emission

216. Hidden Galactic neutrino sources

14. Starburst and Normal-Galaxy Neutrinos

217. Starburst-galaxy neutrinos

218. Star-forming-galaxy neutrinos

219. Normal-galaxy neutrino emission

220. Cosmic-ray calorimetry in galaxies

221. Hadronic interactions in dense interstellar media

222. Galactic winds and neutrino production

223. Galaxy-cluster neutrinos

224. Intracluster-medium neutrinos

225. Intergalactic shock neutrinos

226. Large-scale-structure neutrinos

15. Ultra-High-Energy and Cosmogenic Neutrinos

227. Ultra-high-energy neutrino astrophysics

228. PeV neutrinos

229. EeV neutrinos

230. ZeV neutrino searches

231. Cosmogenic neutrinos

232. Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin neutrinos

233. Ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray interactions with background photons

234. Cosmic microwave background interactions

235. Extragalactic background light interactions

236. Proton-dominated cosmic-ray models

237. Heavy-nuclei cosmic-ray models

238. Source evolution and cosmogenic neutrino fluxes

239. Neutrino propagation across cosmological distances

240. Earth absorption of ultra-high-energy neutrinos

241. Earth-skimming tau-neutrino detection

242. Mountain-based tau-neutrino detection

243. Upward-going tau-induced air showers

244. Radio detection of ultra-high-energy neutrinos

245. Askaryan emission from neutrino-induced showers

246. Lunar Askaryan neutrino searches

247. Space-based neutrino observations

16. Atmospheric Neutrino Astrophysics

248. Atmospheric neutrino production

249. Conventional atmospheric neutrinos

250. Prompt atmospheric neutrinos

251. Pion and kaon atmospheric neutrino production

252. Charm-induced atmospheric neutrinos

253. Atmospheric neutrino flux calculations

254. Seasonal variations in atmospheric neutrinos

255. Atmospheric neutrinos as an astrophysical background

256. Atmospheric muon background rejection

257. Atmospheric neutrino oscillations

258. Neutrino tomography of Earth

259. Atmospheric neutrinos for detector calibration

17. Multi-Messenger Astrophysics

260. Neutrino–photon multi-messenger astronomy

261. Neutrino–cosmic-ray correlations

262. Neutrino–gravitational-wave associations

263. Neutrino–gamma-ray correlations

264. Neutrino–radio transient correlations

265. Neutrino–X-ray correlations

266. Neutrino–optical transient correlations

267. Real-time neutrino alerts

268. Target-of-opportunity observations

269. Electromagnetic follow-up of neutrino alerts

270. Gravitational-wave follow-up of neutrino events

271. Coincidence-analysis techniques

272. Time-window optimization

273. Spatial-correlation analysis

274. Source-stacking analysis

275. Population studies of neutrino sources

276. Multi-messenger source identification

277. Transient versus steady neutrino sources

18. Neutrino Detection Techniques

278. Water Cherenkov neutrino detection

279. Ice Cherenkov neutrino detection

280. Liquid-scintillator detectors

281. Liquid-argon time-projection chambers

282. Heavy-water neutrino detectors

283. Neutrino telescope photomultiplier systems

284. Digital optical modules

285. Acoustic neutrino detection

286. Radio neutrino detection

287. Askaryan-effect detectors

288. Air-shower neutrino detection

289. Earth-skimming neutrino detectors

290. Mountain-valley neutrino observatories

291. Balloon-borne neutrino detectors

292. Satellite-based neutrino detectors

293. Lunar radio neutrino detection

294. Neutrino effective area

295. Detector angular resolution

296. Detector energy resolution

297. Flavor identification

298. Track-like neutrino events

299. Cascade-like neutrino events

300. Double-bang tau-neutrino events

301. Lollipop and inverted-lollipop events

302. Glashow-resonance events

303. Background suppression

304. Detector calibration

305. Event reconstruction

306. Neutrino direction reconstruction

307. Neutrino energy reconstruction

19. Major Neutrino Astrophysics Observatories

308. IceCube Neutrino Observatory

309. IceCube-Gen2

310. KM3NeT-ARCA

311. KM3NeT-ORCA

312. Baikal-GVD

313. Super-Kamiokande

314. Hyper-Kamiokande

315. Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

316. SNO+

317. Borexino

318. Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory

319. Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment

320. ANITA

321. PUEO

322. RNO-G

323. ARA

324. ARIANNA

325. GRAND

326. Trinity

327. BEACON

328. TAMBO

329. POEMMA

330. P-ONE

331. TRIDENT

332. RET-N

333. Lunar Askaryan experiments

334. Supernova Early Warning System

20. Neutrino Source Identification and Statistics

335. Neutrino sky maps

336. Point-source searches

337. Extended-source searches

338. Diffuse neutrino-flux measurements

339. Transient-source searches

340. Time-integrated source searches

341. Time-dependent source searches

342. Unbinned likelihood analysis

343. Binned likelihood analysis

344. Bayesian neutrino-source inference

345. Machine learning for neutrino event classification

346. Neural-network event reconstruction

347. Source-catalog cross-correlation

348. Neutrino anisotropy studies

349. Angular power-spectrum analysis

350. Statistical significance and trials factors

351. Upper limits on astrophysical neutrino fluxes

352. Discovery-potential calculations

353. Sensitivity calculations

21. Neutrino Cosmology

354. Cosmic neutrino background

355. Relic neutrinos from the early Universe

356. Neutrino decoupling in the early Universe

357. Effective number of neutrino species

358. Cosmological neutrino mass constraints

359. Neutrino free streaming

360. Neutrino effects on structure formation

361. Neutrino effects on the cosmic microwave background

362. Big Bang nucleosynthesis and neutrinos

363. Lepton asymmetry in the Universe

364. Neutrino isocurvature perturbations

365. Detection concepts for relic neutrinos

366. PTOLEMY-type cosmic-neutrino detection

367. Ultra-high-energy neutrino interactions with relic neutrinos

368. Z-burst scenarios

22. Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis

369. Neutrino-driven nucleosynthesis

370. Neutrino process in supernovae

371. Neutrino-induced nuclear reactions

372. Neutrinos and rapid neutron-capture nucleosynthesis

373. Neutrinos and slow neutron-capture nucleosynthesis

374. Neutrinos and proton-rich nucleosynthesis

375. Neutrino-driven wind nucleosynthesis

376. Light-element production by neutrinos

377. Heavy-element abundance signatures

378. Nuclear-reaction-rate uncertainties

379. Neutrino effects on electron fraction

380. Merger nucleosynthesis and neutrino irradiation

23. Neutrinos as Probes of Fundamental Physics

381. Neutrino mass measurements from astrophysical transients

382. Time-of-flight neutrino mass limits

383. Neutrino speed measurements

384. Tests of special relativity

385. Tests of Lorentz invariance

386. Tests of the equivalence principle

387. Quantum-gravity-induced neutrino dispersion

388. Neutrino decay limits

389. Neutrino lifetime constraints

390. Sterile-neutrino searches

391. Pseudo-Dirac neutrinos

392. Secret neutrino interactions

393. Neutrino self-interactions

394. Neutrino–dark-matter interactions

395. Neutrino–dark-energy interactions

396. Neutrino magnetic-moment limits

397. Neutrino millicharge limits

398. Nonstandard neutrino propagation

399. Extra dimensions and astrophysical neutrinos

400. CPT-symmetry tests with neutrinos

24. Dark Matter and Neutrino Astrophysics

401. Neutrinos from dark-matter annihilation

402. Neutrinos from dark-matter decay

403. Solar dark-matter neutrinos

404. Galactic-center dark-matter neutrinos

405. Dwarf-spheroidal-galaxy neutrinos

406. Galaxy-cluster dark-matter neutrinos

407. Superheavy dark-matter decay

408. Primordial-black-hole-associated neutrinos

409. Neutrino portals to dark matter

410. Neutrino–dark-matter scattering

411. Dark-matter capture in stars

412. Dark-matter effects on supernova neutrinos

413. Indirect dark-matter searches with neutrino telescopes

25. Computational Neutrino Astrophysics

414. Monte Carlo simulation of astrophysical neutrinos

415. Neutrino event generators

416. Neutrino transport simulations

417. Boltzmann neutrino transport

418. Monte Carlo neutrino transport

419. Moment-based transport methods

420. Hydrodynamic simulations with neutrino radiation

421. Magnetohydrodynamic neutrino-source simulations

422. General-relativistic neutrino transport

423. Supernova neutrino simulations

424. Compact-merger neutrino simulations

425. Cosmic-ray propagation simulations

426. Hadronic interaction modeling

427. Neutrino effective-area simulations

428. Detector-response simulations

429. Air-shower simulations

430. Radio-signal propagation simulations

431. Machine learning in neutrino astrophysics

432. Bayesian parameter estimation

433. Multi-messenger data-analysis pipelines

26. Emerging Research Topics

434. Hidden cosmic-ray accelerators

435. High-energy neutrino source populations

436. Origin of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux

437. Galactic versus extragalactic neutrino contributions

438. Neutrino emission from active galactic nucleus coronae

439. Neutrinos from choked relativistic jets

440. Neutrinos from fast blue optical transients

441. Neutrinos from superluminous supernovae

442. Neutrinos from luminous red novae

443. Neutrinos from magnetar giant flares

444. Neutrinos from repeating fast radio bursts

445. Neutrinos from changing-look active galactic nuclei

446. Ultra-high-energy tau-neutrino astronomy

447. Radio interferometry for neutrino detection

448. Radar detection of neutrino-induced particle cascades

449. Ionospheric propagation of air-shower radio signals

450. Ocean-based neutrino observatories

451. Himalayan tau-neutrino observatories

452. Global neutrino telescope networks

453. Real-time artificial-intelligence event selection

454. Quantum sensing for neutrino detection

455. Neutrino astronomy from the Moon

456. Space-based neutrino interferometry concepts

457. Next-generation multi-messenger observatories

27. Major Open Questions

458. What are the dominant sources of high-energy cosmic neutrinos?

459. What produces the diffuse astrophysical neutrino background?

460. Are most cosmic neutrino sources hidden in gamma rays?

461. Which objects accelerate cosmic rays to PeV energies?

462. What are the sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays?

463. What is the expected cosmogenic neutrino flux?

464. What is the neutrino mass ordering?

465. Do neutrinos decay over cosmic distances?

466. Do sterile neutrinos exist?

467. Are neutrinos Dirac or Majorana particles?

468. How important are fast flavor conversions in supernovae?

469. How do neutrinos influence supernova explosions?

470. How do neutrinos affect heavy-element nucleosynthesis?

471. Can relic supernova neutrinos be detected conclusively?

472. Can the cosmic neutrino background be detected directly?

473. Can astrophysical neutrinos reveal new interactions?

474. Can tau-neutrino astronomy open the EeV Universe?

475. Can neutrinos identify the sources of cosmic rays?