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Neutrino-Physics Research Parameters

Neutrino-physics research parameters are the measurable, theoretical, experimental, environmental, and statistical quantities used to characterize neutrinos, their sources, interactions, propagation, and detection.

1. Fundamental Neutrino Parameters

Neutrino flavor: (\nu_e,\ \nu_\mu,\ \nu_\tau)
Antineutrino flavor: (\bar{\nu}e,\ \bar{\nu}\mu,\ \bar{\nu}_\tau)
Neutrino energy, (E_\nu)
Neutrino momentum, (p_\nu)
Neutrino mass, (m_\nu)
Absolute neutrino-mass scale
Neutrino mass ordering
Neutrino helicity
Neutrino chirality
Neutrino spin
Neutrino electric charge limit
Neutrino magnetic moment, (\mu_\nu)
Neutrino electric dipole moment
Neutrino lifetime, (\tau_\nu)
Neutrino decay branching ratio
Dirac-versus-Majorana character
Number of active neutrino species, (N_\nu)
Number of sterile-neutrino states
Effective number of relativistic species, (N_{\mathrm{eff}})
Neutrino interaction coupling constants

2. Neutrino Oscillation Parameters

Solar mixing angle, (\theta_{12})
Atmospheric mixing angle, (\theta_{23})
Reactor mixing angle, (\theta_{13})
CP-violating phase, (\delta_{\mathrm{CP}})
Solar mass-squared difference, (\Delta m_{21}^{2})
Atmospheric mass-squared difference, (\Delta m_{31}^{2}) or (\Delta m_{32}^{2})
PMNS mixing-matrix elements, (U_{\alpha i})
Oscillation probability, (P(\nu_\alpha\rightarrow\nu_\beta))
Survival probability, (P(\nu_\alpha\rightarrow\nu_\alpha))
Appearance probability
Disappearance probability
Oscillation length, (L_{\mathrm{osc}})
Baseline length, (L)
Energy-to-baseline ratio, (L/E_\nu)
Matter potential, (V_{\mathrm{MSW}})
Electron-number density, (N_e)
Matter-resonance energy
Octant of (\theta_{23})
Leptonic CP asymmetry
Neutrino–antineutrino oscillation asymmetry
Unitarity of the PMNS matrix
Non-standard interaction parameters, (\varepsilon_{\alpha\beta})
Decoherence parameters
Sterile-neutrino mixing angles
Sterile-neutrino mass-squared differences

3. Neutrino Source Parameters

Source type
Source position
Right ascension and declination
Galactic longitude and latitude
Source distance
Source redshift, (z)
Neutrino luminosity, (L_\nu)
Neutrino flux, (\Phi_\nu)
Differential flux, (d\Phi_\nu/dE_\nu)
Neutrino fluence
Source spectrum
Spectral index, (\gamma)
Spectral cutoff energy
Maximum neutrino energy
Minimum neutrino energy
Flavor composition at production
Neutrino-to-antineutrino ratio
Source emission duration
Variability timescale
Burst time
Duty cycle
Source geometry
Source magnetic-field strength
Matter density around the source
Cosmic-ray acceleration efficiency
Hadronic interaction efficiency
Pion-production efficiency
Neutrino production channel
Source opacity
Beaming angle

4. Neutrino Flux Parameters

Integrated neutrino flux
Differential neutrino flux
Flux normalization, (\Phi_0)
Spectral index
Energy-weighted flux, (E_\nu^2\Phi_\nu)
Flavor-dependent flux
All-flavor flux
Diffuse neutrino flux
Point-source flux
Transient-source flux
Atmospheric neutrino flux
Solar neutrino flux
Reactor antineutrino flux
Geoneutrino flux
Supernova neutrino fluence
Cosmogenic neutrino flux
Prompt atmospheric neutrino flux
Conventional atmospheric neutrino flux
Flux anisotropy
Flux time variability
Flux upper limit
Flux sensitivity
Flux systematic uncertainty

5. Neutrino Interaction Parameters

Interaction type
Charged-current cross section, (\sigma_{\mathrm{CC}})
Neutral-current cross section, (\sigma_{\mathrm{NC}})
Total interaction cross section
Differential cross section, (d\sigma/dQ^2)
Neutrino–nucleon cross section
Neutrino–electron cross section
Coherent elastic neutrino–nucleus scattering cross section
Inverse beta-decay cross section
Deep-inelastic scattering cross section
Quasi-elastic scattering cross section
Resonant pion-production cross section
Coherent pion-production cross section
Momentum transfer, (Q^2)
Bjorken scaling variables, (x) and (y)
Inelasticity, (y)
Hadronic energy, (E_{\mathrm{had}})
Lepton energy, (E_\ell)
Scattering angle
Interaction length
Mean free path
Target atomic number, (Z)
Target mass number, (A)
Nuclear form factor
Nuclear-medium effects
Parton distribution functions
Final-state interactions
Interaction multiplicity
Tau-lepton production threshold
Glashow-resonance energy and rate

6. Neutrino Production Parameters

Parent-particle type
Parent-particle energy
Parent-particle lifetime
Pion decay rate
Kaon decay rate
Muon decay rate
Beta-decay rate
Electron-capture rate
Nuclear-fusion reaction rate
Proton–proton interaction rate
Proton–photon interaction rate
Neutron-decay rate
Heavy-flavor meson production rate
Charm-production cross section
Meson-production multiplicity
Decay branching fraction
Production altitude
Production depth
Production density
Production zenith angle
Production flavor ratio
Parent cosmic-ray composition
Parent cosmic-ray spectral index
Maximum acceleration energy
Hadronic-model parameters

7. Neutrino Propagation Parameters

Propagation distance
Travel time
Neutrino velocity
Time-of-flight delay
Column density traversed
Earth chord length
Matter density profile
Electron-density profile
Absorption probability
Transmission probability
Regeneration probability
Tau-neutrino regeneration
Neutrino attenuation length
Interaction probability through Earth
Flavor-transition probability
Coherence length
Wave-packet size
Gravitational potential along the path
Lorentz-violation parameters
Equivalence-principle violation parameters
Neutrino decay probability
Quantum-decoherence scale
Secret neutrino-interaction strength
Neutrino–dark-matter interaction strength

8. Detector Parameters

Detector type
Detector location
Detector latitude, longitude, and altitude
Detector depth
Instrumented volume
Fiducial volume
Target mass
Effective mass
Effective area, (A_{\mathrm{eff}})
Effective volume, (V_{\mathrm{eff}})
Geometric acceptance
Exposure
Livetime
Detector uptime
Duty cycle
Energy threshold
Trigger threshold
Energy range
Angular coverage
Solid-angle acceptance
Detection efficiency
Trigger efficiency
Reconstruction efficiency
Flavor-identification efficiency
Particle-identification efficiency
Dead time
Detector noise rate
Dark-count rate
Detector calibration uncertainty
Detector systematic uncertainty

9. Sensor and Readout Parameters

Photomultiplier-tube gain
Silicon photomultiplier gain
Quantum efficiency
Photon-detection efficiency
Collection efficiency
Transit-time spread
Timing resolution
Charge resolution
Dynamic range
Sampling frequency
Analog-to-digital conversion resolution
Signal-to-noise ratio
Dark current
After-pulse probability
Cross-talk probability
Sensor saturation
Trigger-window duration
Coincidence-window duration
Electronics noise
Data-acquisition bandwidth
Data-transfer rate
Clock synchronization accuracy
Sensor-position uncertainty
Sensor-orientation uncertainty
Calibration-light intensity

10. Detection-Medium Parameters

Water or ice detectors

Optical absorption length
Optical scattering length
Effective scattering length
Refractive index
Water or ice transparency
Cherenkov-light yield
Wavelength dependence
Temperature
Pressure
Salinity
Turbidity
Bioluminescence rate
Radioactive-background concentration
Optical-noise rate
Current velocity
Ice anisotropy
Ice-layer structure

Scintillator detectors

Light yield
Attenuation length
Scintillation decay time
Birks constant
Chemical stability
Target proton density
Radiopurity
Wavelength-shifter concentration

Radio detectors

Radio attenuation length
Refractive-index profile
Antenna gain
Antenna effective height
Antenna bandwidth
System temperature
Thermal-noise level
Electric-field threshold
Askaryan-signal amplitude
Polarization resolution

11. Event-Reconstruction Parameters

Reconstructed neutrino energy
Reconstructed direction
Reconstructed interaction vertex
Reconstructed event time
Zenith angle, (\theta_z)
Azimuth angle, (\phi)
Nadir angle
Angular resolution
Energy resolution
Vertex resolution
Time resolution
Track length
Shower length
Event topology
Track-like event probability
Cascade-like event probability
Double-bang separation
Starting-event classification
Through-going-event classification
Deposited energy
Visible energy
Missing energy
Hadronic-energy fraction
Muon-energy proxy
Tau-decay length
Reconstruction likelihood
Fit-quality parameter
Directional uncertainty
Energy-bias parameter
Misidentification probability

12. Event-Rate Parameters

Number of observed events, (N_{\mathrm{obs}})
Expected signal events, (N_s)
Expected background events, (N_b)
Event rate
Differential event rate, (dN/dE)
Event rate per unit solid angle
Event rate per unit time
Interaction rate
Trigger rate
Coincidence-event rate
Flavor-specific event rate
Charged-current event rate
Neutral-current event rate
Track-event rate
Cascade-event rate
Tau-event rate
Glashow-resonance event rate
Multiplet-event rate
Upper limit on event rate
Signal-to-background ratio

13. Background Parameters

Atmospheric-muon rate
Atmospheric-neutrino rate
Cosmic-ray background
Reactor-neutrino background
Solar-neutrino background
Geoneutrino background
Radioactive background
Detector-noise background
Accidental-coincidence rate
Bioluminescence background
Thermal radio noise
Anthropogenic radio-frequency interference
Misreconstructed-event rate
Background energy spectrum
Background angular distribution
Background time distribution
Background normalization
Background rejection efficiency
Background contamination fraction
Background systematic uncertainty

14. Statistical Analysis Parameters

Likelihood function
Log-likelihood ratio
Test statistic
(p)-value
Statistical significance
Confidence level
Confidence interval
Credible interval
Posterior probability
Prior probability
Best-fit value
Parameter uncertainty
Covariance matrix
Correlation coefficient
Chi-square, (\chi^2)
Degrees of freedom
Goodness of fit
Bayesian evidence
Bayes factor
Upper limit
Lower limit
Discovery potential
Sensitivity
Model-rejection factor
False-alarm probability
Trials factor
Statistical power
Nuisance parameters
Profile likelihood
Systematic-pull parameters

15. Systematic-Uncertainty Parameters

Flux-normalization uncertainty
Spectral-index uncertainty
Cross-section uncertainty
Energy-scale uncertainty
Angular-scale uncertainty
Detector-efficiency uncertainty
Calibration uncertainty
Target-mass uncertainty
Background-normalization uncertainty
Matter-density uncertainty
Atmospheric-density uncertainty
Hadronic-model uncertainty
Nuclear-model uncertainty
Optical-property uncertainty
Sensor-response uncertainty
Timing-calibration uncertainty
Trigger-efficiency uncertainty
Reconstruction-bias uncertainty
Monte Carlo statistical uncertainty
Source-distance uncertainty

16. Astrophysical Neutrino Parameters

Astrophysical flux normalization
Astrophysical spectral index
Flavor ratio at Earth
Source flavor ratio
Neutrino cutoff energy
Point-source significance
Source-extension angle
Source angular separation
Time correlation with photons
Time correlation with gravitational waves
Neutrino–gamma-ray flux ratio
Neutrino–cosmic-ray flux ratio
Hadronic loading factor
Baryonic loading factor
Source evolution with redshift
Diffuse-source density
Luminosity-function parameters
Transient duration
Multiplet probability
Neutrino horizon

17. Solar-Neutrino Parameters

Solar neutrino flux by reaction channel
Proton–proton neutrino flux
({}^{7}\mathrm{Be}) neutrino flux
({}^{8}\mathrm{B}) neutrino flux
CNO neutrino flux
pep-neutrino flux
Solar-neutrino energy spectrum
Solar-neutrino survival probability
Day–night asymmetry
Seasonal flux variation
Solar-core temperature
Solar metallicity
Electron-density profile of the Sun
MSW resonance parameters
Solar-neutrino interaction rate

18. Reactor-Neutrino Parameters

Reactor thermal power
Reactor distance from detector
Baseline distribution
Fission fractions
Fuel composition
Uranium-235 contribution
Uranium-238 contribution
Plutonium-239 contribution
Plutonium-241 contribution
Antineutrino yield per fission
Reactor antineutrino spectrum
Fuel burnup
Reactor operating cycle
Reactor-off period
Inverse beta-decay event rate
Prompt positron energy
Delayed neutron-capture time
Neutron-capture efficiency
Reactor-flux uncertainty
Spectral-shape anomaly parameters

19. Atmospheric-Neutrino Parameters

Primary cosmic-ray flux
Cosmic-ray composition
Atmospheric density profile
Production altitude
Geomagnetic cutoff rigidity
Zenith-angle distribution
Azimuthal distribution
Seasonal variation
Pion-production rate
Kaon-production rate
Charm-production rate
Conventional neutrino flux
Prompt neutrino flux
Electron-to-muon flavor ratio
Neutrino-to-antineutrino ratio
Atmospheric-neutrino energy spectrum
Self-veto probability
Muon-bundle rate
Hadronic-model dependence
Atmospheric-temperature coefficient

20. Supernova-Neutrino Parameters

Supernova distance
Total neutrino energy
Neutrino luminosity by flavor
Average neutrino energy
Neutrino spectral temperature
Spectral pinching parameter
Burst duration
Neutronization-burst intensity
Accretion-phase duration
Cooling-phase duration
Flavor-conversion probability
Collective-oscillation parameters
Shock-wave propagation parameters
Mass-ordering sensitivity
Event arrival-time distribution
Time-of-flight mass constraint
Supernova pointing resolution
Coincidence rate between detectors
Early-warning latency
Black-hole formation cutoff time

21. Geoneutrino Parameters

Uranium concentration
Thorium concentration
Potassium-40 concentration
Uranium-to-thorium ratio
Crustal geoneutrino flux
Mantle geoneutrino flux
Local crust contribution
Lithospheric thickness
Radiogenic heat production
Surface heat flow
Detector-site geology
Reactor-background contribution
Geoneutrino energy spectrum
Directional sensitivity
Mantle-to-crust signal ratio

22. Ultra-High-Energy and Tau-Neutrino Parameters

Tau-neutrino energy
Tau-lepton energy
Tau decay length
Tau emergence probability
Tau emergence angle
Earth-skimming angle
Mountain chord length
Rock density
Neutrino interaction depth
Tau energy-loss coefficient
Tau regeneration probability
Air-shower energy
Shower-maximum depth, (X_{\max})
Shower zenith angle
Shower azimuth angle
Cherenkov-light intensity
Radio electric-field amplitude
Radio-frequency spectrum
Radio polarization
Detector–shower distance
Mountain-slope angle
Valley opening angle
Atmospheric depth
Cloud coverage
Trigger probability
Geometric acceptance
Effective aperture
Exposure versus energy
Event-reconstruction efficiency
Background from cosmic-ray air showers

23. Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay Parameters

Decay half-life, (T_{1/2}^{0\nu})
Effective Majorana mass, (m_{\beta\beta})
Nuclear matrix element
Phase-space factor
(Q)-value
Isotope mass
Isotopic abundance
Isotope-enrichment fraction
Energy resolution at the (Q)-value
Background index
Detection efficiency
Exposure
Fiducial mass
Single-site event fraction
Two-neutrino double-beta background
Majorana-phase parameters
Lepton-number-violation scale
Half-life sensitivity

24. Cosmological Neutrino Parameters

Sum of neutrino masses, (\sum m_\nu)
Effective number of neutrino species, (N_{\mathrm{eff}})
Neutrino energy density, (\Omega_\nu)
Neutrino fraction of matter, (f_\nu)
Neutrino free-streaming length
Neutrino free-streaming scale
Relic-neutrino temperature
Cosmic neutrino-background density
Neutrino chemical potential
Lepton asymmetry
Primordial power-spectrum suppression
Matter power-spectrum suppression
Cosmic microwave background effects
Big Bang nucleosynthesis constraints
Sterile-neutrino cosmological abundance
Neutrino-decay cosmological limits

25. Research-Design and Performance Parameters

Scientific objective
Target neutrino source
Target flavor
Target energy range
Required exposure
Expected signal yield
Expected background yield
Required angular resolution
Required energy resolution
Required timing resolution
Detection threshold
Discovery sensitivity
Parameter-estimation precision
Site-selection criteria
Detector geometry
Sensor spacing
Deployment depth or altitude
Calibration strategy
Simulation sample size
Data-storage requirement
Computing requirement
Operational lifetime
Maintenance interval
Construction cost
Operating cost
Risk parameters
Technology-readiness level
Scalability
Reproducibility
Open-data and collaboration parameters

Global impacts

Neutrino Physics

Astro Neutrino

Neutrino Experiments

Neutrino Observatories

Neutrino Softs

BoBNE

TAMBO-H

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